The Polish technology landscape has been enriched with a new, advanced language model – PLLuM (Polish Large Language Model). This open project, initiated by a consortium of six leading Polish scientific institutions, aims to support public administration, businesses, and academic communities in processing and generating Polish-language texts.
PLLuM: A New Era of Polish Artificial Intelligence
PLLuM was officially presented on February 24, 2025, by the Ministry of Digital Affairs, with its implementation announced on the gov.pl portal. The model stands out for its flexibility and scalability, operating on structures ranging from 8 to 70 billion parameters, enabling precise text generation in Polish. Its foundation is a vast text corpus of approximately 150 billion tokens, carefully selected and cleaned for linguistic accuracy and thematic diversity.
The PLLuM project is the result of a collaboration between the following institutions:
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology (project leader) – responsible for developing algorithms for modern language models.
- NASK National Research Institute
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences – conducting research on the ethical aspects of AI development in Poland.
- National Information Processing Institute
- University of Łódź
- Institute of Slavic Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences
The project’s goal is to create a tool that not only meets the needs of public administration but is also accessible to a wide range of users, fostering innovation in the private sector.
BielikAI: A Pioneer in Polish Language Models
Another significant Polish language model is BielikAI, developed by the SpeakLeash Foundation in collaboration with the Academic Computer Center Cyfronet AGH. BielikAI also operates in the field of artificial intelligence.
The first version of Bielik, based on the Mistral-7B architecture, was introduced in 2024 and featured 7 billion parameters. It was trained on a Polish language corpus comprising over 70 billion tokens.
In August 2024, the second version – Bielik v2 – was released, bringing significant improvements to its natural language processing algorithms. This model was expanded to 11 billion parameters and features a wide context window supporting up to 32,768 tokens, allowing it to process longer and more complex texts. This makes Bielik v2 one of the most powerful language models ever developed in Poland.
Comparison of Key Features of Polish Language Models
Below is a comparison of the most important features and applications of PLLuM and BielikAI:
| Feature/Application | PLLuM | BielikAI |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Parameters | 8–70 billion | 11 billion |
| Training Data Scope | Approx. 150 billion tokens | Over 70 billion tokens |
| Main Applications | Public administration, business, science | Content generation, text analysis, and AI applications (e.g., ChatGPT-like tools) |
| Availability | Open license, available to all | Open-source, available on Hugging Face |
| Unique Features | Scalability, adaptation to Polish language and administrative terminology | Wide context window (32,768 tokens), ability to process longer and more complex texts |
Both models represent a significant step forward in the development of Polish artificial intelligence, offering advanced natural language processing tools and supporting various sectors of the economy and administration.
The Development of Artificial Intelligence in Poland
Polish language models like PLLuM and BielikAI mark a breakthrough in AI development for the Polish language. PLLuM, developed by a consortium of leading research institutions, offers broad scalability and precision, supporting public administration, businesses, and academia. On the other hand, BielikAI, created by the SpeakLeash Foundation and Cyfronet AGH, focuses on content generation and text analysis, ensuring open accessibility for research and technology communities.
While these models differ in terms of parameters, training data scope, and applications, they share a common goal – developing innovative language tools that improve communication, process automation, and access to advanced AI technologies in Polish. The rise of such initiatives demonstrates Poland’s active participation in the global AI race, creating its own cutting-edge solutions tailored to unique linguistic and cultural needs.
